The Sun Rises :: essays research papers

The Sun RisesMankind, through its hardships and struggles, has created many outlets to tell of its trials and tribulations. People engender a need to relate their stories to other heap. Music, art, prose, cinema, and poetry are among many of the most common types of storytelling. Poetry is ane of the oldest and strongest forms of telling a story. It has often been employ to chronicle the hardships of a group of the great unwashed who were held back from many private freedoms our society takes for granted. Gwendolyn Brooks people have had one of the hardest struggles placed upon any of the races that make up America. Brooks touches upon the hardships of her people and their ancestors in many of her poems. In To the Diaspora, Brooks uses the metaphors of the unmingled of Afrika, a road (or a journey), the sun, and a few others to tell of the struggle of African-Americans in the United States.The first metaphor the narrator speaks of is of the continent of Afrika. The word Afrik a is used to mean a group of people and not the literal importation of a continent of land. More specifically, these people are African-Americans. The Black continent she speaks of is a unification of her people (5). The narrator is telling her ancestors that they need to unite to make any progress. In the passage You did not know the Black continent to be reached was you, she is telling her people, sometime(prenominal) and present, that the way to achieve their goals is within them (5-7). The narrator uses the word Afrika instead of Matt Parsons2/14/00Page 2Africa to distinguish between the continent and the meaning she has placed upon the word. Through this metaphor the word Afrika comes to mean a continent of people, and their goals to achieve equality, instead of a continent of land.The next metaphor the narrator speaks of is one of a journey or way over a road. Gwendolyn speaks about her people setting out for Afrika. In the beginning of the poem we know that the people are b eginning a journey but they do not know their destination. This gives us a glimpse into how hard the struggle of African-Americans must have been in the beginning of slavery. As the poem progresses into the second stanza, a road emerges and this lets us know that the narrators people are getting some ideas about where they should be going.

Is yawning contagious :: essays research papers

Is Yawning Contagious?Yawning is contagious. You can "catch" a yawn. I had to stifle many yawns as I read and wrote about this phenomenon. Yawning is probably programmed into us as nominated by Dr. William Broughton, director of the Sleep Disorders concentrate on at the University of S. Alabama Knollwood Hospital.Yawning is not contagious from species to species. You will not see a baboon for instance yawn when he sees a human yawn. If a chimpanzee or baboon yawns another will follow. And vise versa. The only animal that had an affect on the human response was the yawn of the lion.Observing citizenry with their tattle wide open does not produce a yawn, but show a person with his or her mouth wide open and covered with a hand has a yawning effect. This is a visual response.Most people will tell you that a good yawn gives them great satisfaction. Especially when it involves stretch the body along with the facial muscles. A stifled yawn is unsatisfactory and leaves us incom plete and irritated.Not everyone exposed to yawning, whether visually or simply practice session about it will be affected. A persons personality enters into the equation. People who are sensitive to another persons dilemma or problem are most in all probability to be contagious yawners. The level of empathy for others seems to be directly related. Yet excessive yawning may be a warning to a disease such(prenominal) as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Lou Gehrigs disease), multiple sclerosis or Parkinsons disease.This study also suggests that to yawn is to be aware of oneself. We can identify ourselves in a mirror for instance. An infant does not have that ability so the success of a contagious yawn is small. I observed older people in a nursing home. Many cannot identify themselves in the mirror. Yawning to them created no reaction. They had a rather "flat" effect.People with schizophrenic tendencies also had no reaction to visual yawning. Schizophrenia being one of many ps ychotic disorders that make it impossible to deal in reality, withdrawal, delusions. A study on the Schizotypal nature Questionnaire (SPQ) showed the higher the SPQ score the lower number of contagious yawns. So the question remains.... Why do we yawn? The answer seems to lie in our brains. Our behavior and state of mind will make us more vulnerable to catching a yawn.

Human Rights :: Human Rights Essays

This is a 3 page paper that describes evaluates and recommends the benignant practiced aspect of application in real life.INTRODUCTIONAs laid down by the United Nations there are 30 articles pertaining to the definition of Human Rights. According to these articles it contains military personnel rights to be considered innocent until proven guilty, and the right of freedom from discrimination and the right of free and fair trial. RESPECT FOR FUNDAMENTAL HUMAN RIGHTSGlobally speaking the world has faced a lot of human discrimination collectively in the past year, and this human rights violation is still going on. All human organisms, whatever their cultural or historical background, mystify when they are intimidated, imprisoned or tortured. The question of human rights is so fundamentally important that there should be no difference of views on this. We must hence insist on a global consensus not only on the need to respect human rights world wide but more significantly on the defi nition of these rights.(1).The tragedy of September 11 is a major human rights violation, but it doesnt end here. The repercussions have lead into more human rights degrading. The supposedly guilty terrorists held in Guatemala Bay are a living proof of serious human rights violation. With treatment meted out like animals to them they are being kept in cages in open view all the time. Where is one wonders the U.N. rights article number 11- Right to be considered innocent until proven Guilty? It is too clearly stated in the U.N. Charters of War and Crime that all arrests made in a state of war will be treated as Prisoners of War. And such prisoners have basic fundamental rights which are not being followed on these prisoners. To date there are innocent Saudis, Pakistani nationals and even cut confined in these cages and whose governments are demanding their release. Since it is guarded severely in Cuba there are no exclusive pictures and footage to view for an audience however snaps and eye-witness accounts of Red tangle workers and Human Rights groups is available. We need to think in global terms because the effects of one nations actions are felt far beyond its borders. The acceptance of universally bond standards of Human Rights as laid down in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and in the International Covenants of Human Rights is essential in todays shrinking world. value for fundamental human rights should not remain an ideal to be achieved but a requisite foundation for every human society.

Basic Discription Of Microbiology :: essays research papers

BASIC DISCRIPTION OF MICROBIOLOGYTheyre emerge there You cant see them but they can see you. Right at this really moment they are living on and in your body, and there is nothing you can do about itThis may sound like the beginning of a horror movie, but it isnt. It is actually a very basic description of a very broad subject microbiology.Microbiology is a complex subject that spans out into a variety of areas. I am a person who is entering the health care field, and it is inparitive that I know the subject of microbiology and how if effects the world in which we live.Part one of this essay will deal with defining bacteria, viruses, fungi, microbes, and pirons. Part two of the essay will focus on indigenous micro flora that is on and in the body, and part three will describe the structure and replication procedure of viruses.Part oneAs press outd by Prescott, Harley and Klein (1990) microbiology is the report of organisms that are normally too small to be seen with the naked e ye.According to Jenson and Wright (1989) a pathogen is a disease-producing organism.They also describe microbes as organisms that are often too small to be seen without the aid of a microscope. Microbes, also known as microorganisms, can be broken down into four classifications that are bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa. Prescott, Harley & Klein (1990) describe bacteria as prokaryotic cells (cells that lack a true membrane enclosed nucleus). Bacteria are both small and simple in structure they usually are between o.5 and 5cmm yet they have many characteristic shapes and sizes. Some bacteria are circular or oval shaped, they are known as cocci bacteria. Other bacteria are rod-shaped, they are known as bacilli bacteria, and some bacteria are spiral and coil-shaped and it is know as spirilla bacteria.Engelkirk & Burton (1979) state that bacteria can reproduce asexually by simple division of cells and some bacteria reproduce sexually by conjunction. A bacterium is a waste producer of products and secretions. This allows pathogens to invade their hosts to cause disease some of these harmful diseases are Scarlet fever, an acute illness, characterized by a reddish skin rash, which is caused by systematic infection with the bacterium streptococcus. St. Anthonys Fire is another bacterial disease. St. Anthonys Fire which is an acute superficial form of celluitus involving the dermal lymphatic, usually caused by infection with streptococci and chiefly characterized by a peripherally spreading hot, bright red, oedematous.

The Unjust Execution Of Socrates :: essays research papers

The Unjust Execution of SocratesIn the vortex of life, many evils find transpired. Vices such as plagues,unforeseen deaths, and corruptness. Among the tragic acts of malefic proportionwas the death of the Hellenic philosopher, Socrates. He tried to prove andinvalidate many theories through reasoning, and he was murdered for his beliefs.His execution was not justified because the charges that were brought againsthim were false and unfounded.The fist crime that Socrates was charged with was that of impiety. Thischarge was invented primarily to discredit him and make him unpopular with thecitizens. The charge was that of not acknowledging the same gods that the statebelieved in. Throughout the book, Socrates refers numerous times to the factthat it is because of the gods that things are as they seem to be. "Do yousuggest that I do not believe that the sun and moon are gods, as is the generalbelief of all of macrocosm?" (57). The fact that Socrates did not publicly speakabou t the gods attributed to the fact that the charge was heresy. Socratesmaintains that he is not like other philosohers. He is a free-thinker, and hisbeliefs are those of hidden and intimate thoughts of Gods. Socrates also statesthat he is not a teacher, however he was not at all happy with the analogy, buttook it as a plume and used it in his defense. He used these accusationsto his advantage by saying that he never charged charged anyone for believing orlistening to them. The cabal of these arguments should arouse clearedSocrates of the charge of heresy.The second charge brought against Socrates was that of corrupting minors.Socrates battled this charge through the use of the same arguments. Theargument that he did not consider himself a teacher, the fact that he neveraccepted any money for talking or listening to people, and the fact that hebelieves in gods are what Socrates used to typify himself. By confronting theaccusation that he was corrupting the minors, Socrates tried to clear himself bymanipulating his arguments so that Meletus, Anytus, and Lycon (the men whobrought both charges against Socrates) had to answer questions about thesecharges. When the questions of Socrates were placed before Meletus, his answersseemed to have proven that Socrates was innocent. However, when the verdict wasannounced, it demonstrated the opposite.Upon hearing the verdict, GUILTY, it was plain to see that the Greekassembly was like every other political assembly, corrupt."I should never have believed that it would be such a close thing but now

The Unjust Execution Of Socrates :: essays research papers

The Unjust Execution of SocratesIn the vortex of life, many evils have transpired. Vices such as plagues,unforeseen deaths, and corruptness. Among the tragic acts of malefic proportionwas the death of the Greek philosopher, Socrates. He tried to prove andinvalidate many theories through reasoning, and he was murdered for his beliefs.His execution was not justify because the charges that were brought againsthim were false and unfounded.The fist crime that Socrates was charged with was that of impiety. Thischarge was invented primarily to discredit him and make him unpopular with thecitizens. The charge was that of not acknowledging the same gods that the statebelieved in. Throughout the book, Socrates refers numerous times to the factthat it is because of the gods that things are as they seem to be. "Do yousuggest that I do not believe that the sun and moon are gods, as is the generalbelief of all of mankind?" (57). The fact that Socrates did not publicly speakabout the gods attributed to the fact that the charge was heresy. Socratesmaintains that he is not like opposite philosohers. He is a free-thinker, and hisbeliefs are those of private and intimate thoughts of Gods. Socrates also statesthat he is not a teacher, however he was not at all riant with the analogy, buttook it as a compliment and used it in his defense. He used these accusationsto his advantage by saying that he never charged charged anyone for believing orlistening to them. The combination of these bloods should have clearedSocrates of the charge of heresy.The second charge brought against Socrates was that of corrupting minors.Socrates battled this charge through the use of the same arguments. Theargument that he did not consider himself a teacher, the fact that he neveraccepted any money for talking or listening to people, and the fact that hebelieves in gods are what Socrates used to defend himself. By confronting theaccusation that he was corrupting the minors, Socrates tried to clear himself bymanipulating his arguments so that Meletus, Anytus, and Lycon (the men whobrought both charges against Socrates) had to solve questions about thesecharges. When the questions of Socrates were placed before Meletus, his answersseemed to have proven that Socrates was innocent. However, when the verdict wasannounced, it demonstrated the opposite.Upon hearing the verdict, GUILTY, it was plain to see that the Greekassembly was like every another(prenominal) political assembly, corrupt."I should never have believed that it would be such a close thing but now

Marketing Mix Nikon Essay

1.0 INTRODUCTIONAlhamdulillah, first of all I would like to thank God as finally I were able to finish my fitting that wear been given to me by sports facilities lecturer, Encik Noorazlan lay in Ab Aziz. He always listen and gives advice to me, he also taught me how to express my idea, showed me a different way to come up a research problem and claim to be persistent to accomplish any goal. He always give me supports and guide to me how to do our assignment in purpose to produce a good outcome from research that been studied. Luckily, all the problems stinkpot be settled down and I were able to adapt right on and wisely. Besides that, big thank I address to the staffs Kelab Golf Pantai Sri Tujuh, Tumpat Kelantan because without their guides my project cannot be done square-toedly like this. Place that I had choosed for this assignment is Pantai Sri Tujuh, Tumpat Kelantan.Finally, thank to my friend, my classmate, my sister that always help me finished my assignment, helping me anytime and solving my unsolved problem. Hope that all the effort will give a lot of benefits to me and also to my assignment.2.0 BACKGROUND OF PANTAI SRI TUJUH3.0 OBJECTIVESThe objective of this high society is to provide social and recreational activities for members. It is also to conduct major national and local competitions as development process to cost increase skill and status of the members in golf game. This federation also play role to establish and conduct development programmes for youth and aspiring members.As for the other golf club this club try to achieve the deal to be a well-known club and promote the sport of golf to the local as the golf is not popular like football to the local.So the management of this club want to address the local about the golf so that sport of golf can suck up its place in the local citizens heart.4.0 The organization chartThis is the organization chart for Pantai Sri Tujuh Golf Club. This chart is not fully finish due to the staf f changes and the overture of the organization system in order to compete with other successful club and achieve the objective of this club.5.0 Facilities and services offered in Pantai SriTujuh* Chalets* Management office* Surau* Toilets* communication channel conditioner* Sport light* Parking atomic number 18a* Cafe* Store for equipment* Dustbins* Television* Fire extinguisher* Post defy* Bunker* Diving range* Waterpark6.0 or so EXAMPLES OF FACILITIES ANDSERVICESChalets ToiletCafe Management OfficeSpotlight Air-conditionerLobby Hall7.0 SOME EXAMPLES OF EQUIPMENTS8.0 LEGAL RESPONSIBILITYPantai Sri Tujuh Golf Club is continuously look into the future growth of the company and its people who will make it happen. Were looking to build up a world-class team of experienced and cause individuals, who will bring their expertise to maximize the value of our technology and business development activities.8.1 Responsibilities * The management provide a locker for the faker* They prov ide rules for player and the spectators while playing golf * They briefing about how to play golf for the new player * Serving meal for the players9.0 MANAGING FACILITIES9.1 supervisionEvery 2 eld they will send report to supervisor about daily usage of equipment. For example how many balls the player used. They also do scheduling work 2 people in morning session and 2 people in night session. 9.2 BookingTo play in this club, players do not have to book. They can play on the spot and anytime they want except on Saturday. This is because on that day the VIP from secretary of Kelantan have booked the golf club for the VIP.9.3 SchedullingThis club opened from 8.00 a.m to 12.00 a.m. there have two shift.One shift starts from 8.00 a.m to 5.00 p.m. around this time the customers or the players can contact the organizer at Pantai Sri Tujuh. After 5pm gutter 12am the customers can ask the driving range crew for any reservation or wanted to play in the golf field.9.4 Package* RM 9 for hun dred balls* RM5 for 50 balls10.0 FACILITY SYSTEM AND OPERATIONTHE FAN* They provide air conditioner in meeting room, management office, surau,THE LIGHTNING* They provide this lightning, pendaflour at surau, toilet, management office. Thats substance each corner have one pendaflour.SPOTLIGHT* Spotlight are available for lighting purpose.11.0 FACILITY MAINTENANCEEvery day, employees will check the equipment and numerate the ball to make sure all the equipments are in good condition and are complete. If the balls are not enough, they have to report to their supervisor to return the balls for the player. Sometimes player will hit the ball outside the driving range. The stuff on the duty has to collect all the balls and record the data in maintenance book. Every three days a week, supervisor will check the data and give a comment and feedback.This is the store that keeps all the equipments.12.0 chance MANAGEMENT AND SECURITYThis is a picture to remind the visitors and customers on ce rtain things which are * The customers are not allowed to bring their own golf ball. * They are not allowed to collect the cluttered golf ball on the field. * They are not allowed to hit the ball in front of the driving range. * Any injury are not in the responsibility of the golf club * They are not allow wearing slippers but are necessary to wear a neat golf shoes during playing golf. The golf club promotes CCTV to manage their security department. This because, the operation hour of this club house open till 12am. They also provided 24hours guard to keep the golf club in safe. Those people who got nothing to do with the golf club or do not have any proper appointment are allowed in the area of Pantai Sri Tujuh Golf Club. This is a simple prompt for all the customers and visitors on the rules and regulations of the field. A good facility must have this kind of rules and regulation to guide people on how to use the facility correctly.13.0 FACILITY EVENTS AND ACTIVITYMANAGEMENT13.1 Some events from the others managementThe above picture shows some(a)(prenominal) of the souvenirs from other management that collaborates with Pantai Sri Tujuh Golf Club. Usually the events are participating by the staff of the golf club itself. As you can see, Pantai Sri Tujuh Golf Club recognize to team up with other organization because this golf club really appreciate their working partner and they respect them as their customers.13.2 VIP Club MembersThis is the panel Members of Pantai Sri Tujuh Golf Club. The one in the blue shirt is the secretary of Kelantan. He always comes to this golf club to play every Saturday.They always organized some events within the VIP committee. They love to come here because of the view and the scenery. The exciting view of this golf club is facing the ocean so it attracts not further VIP but the rule people who love to play golf.The surrounding around this golf club provide the members fresh air and condition.14.0 CONCLUSIONSIn conclusion, I chosed Pantai Sri Tujuh Golf Club because of the view and scenery. The exciting view of this golf club is facing the ocean so it attracts not only VIP but the normal people who love to play golf. People who are check in at Pantai Sri Tujuh chalet also can spend their time at this golf club. This golf club provides many facilities about golf. It have bunker, driving range, and. Near the golf club there has a water park which is only provided for children. The customers no need to worry about the safety of their children as there has a guard to keep his eye on them. There also have chalets for the visitors and customers to stay at Pantai Sri Tujuh. In front of the chalet there also has a hall for the visitors to make barbeque, birthday party or what else. With this facilities provided, the customers will satisfied and feel more soothing to come to this club besides they feel safe. Therefore, this golf club is still in progress and will upgrade the incomplete facilities. The manage r wants to make this golf club more official and famous among the people in this country.So that this club becomes a well-known club in this country of Malaysia.With such a vision no wonder in a few years the PGA Tours will held in Kelantan specifically at Pantai Seri Tujuh Golf Club.15.0 REFERENCESPersons that I interviewed at Pantai Seri Tujuh Gof Club 1.Mr. Khairul Ahmad2. Mr. Khairuliswadi Bin Ali3.Mr. Mohd Faisal Bin Rosnan4.Mr. Mohd Syukri Bin Salleh5.Mr, Baharuddin Bin Ismail16.0 APPENDIX

Understanding Societal Wealth and Inequality Thesis Statement on What Can Help Society (Hybrid of Capitalism and Communism)

On a general basis, wealthiness is an accumulation of physical entities which lease great importance to us. These entities atomic number 18 objects such as funds, land, jewelries, gold, precious stones and so much more. It is also a federal agency were by people grade themselves or attain superiority over new(prenominal)s. Wealth comes with indicant, prestige, honor, and integrity. Wealth is a very meaning(a) tool in a hostelry and that is the very factor of survival of the fittest in todays man. In Charles Darwins evolutionary theory, he speaks of survival of the fittest.In todays modern world when fittest is mentioned it actu eithery means wisest, more in classigent or brilliant or clever. Even the strongest in a social club cannot attain power without wealth. What an irony but that is the situation of the world and straightway people atomic number 18 misusing this privilege. The unreasonable practice of this opportunity is what is causing inequality in a rescrip t. According to the founder or father of sparings, hug drug smith, he explains that the wealth of a nation is not based on land or other forms of property but on the labor gotten from the nation.What he tries to explain from this is that the nub of working power in a society gives rise to the power in terms of wealth of the nation. Even if a society has abundance in land, both fertile and unfertile, the society is useless without the working force of the society (Smith). Every human being in a society is entitled to the wealth provided by the society because when people are pissd they didnt place a part of the society to them naturally. The moment people start claiming the wealth of the nation many people will be left out. This is called mystical wealth which causes inequality amongst people in a community.Even if head-to-head wealth was a good thing, avariciousness which is part of human nature makes it very bad in a society. One man wants to accumulate everything for himse lf and his family members and this wealth is passed drink d accept from one generation to the next. Others in the society absorb no way of accessing that wealth which belongs to all of them. In Jean Jacque Rousseaus book Discourse on the origin of inequality published by Marc Michael Rey in1755, Holland, he talks about eccentric persons of inequality. The types of inequality are natural or physical inequality and moral or political or ethical inequality.The natural inequality he explains that yes every one wasnt natural with the same physical structure. Some might be born strong or weak, tall or short and so on and so forth but that doesnt mean that inequality should exist. Everyone is born with one skill or the other which enables one to survive in the society and its those skills that enable the society to develop very fast and well. The type of inequality that he focuses on is the moral inequality which is ca apply by peoples ideas which are brought forward and authorized bec ause it favors them.This inequality is a detriment to the phylogeny of a society. People come up with the idea of sequestered wealth and the moment everyone starts seeing things in their eyes they begin to accept it as a way of life which is not so (Rousseau). From this idea of private wealth, people who have, start taking advantage of it. They keep on accumulating more wealth from in that location they enlighten power, prestige, importance in the society and they begin to oppress others with it. Issue of superiority and inferiority start surfacing and social stratification occurs.The less privileged ones commence slaves to the rich people and that is how slavery starts which is a form of stratification in a society. People fall into this category because of survival. The thought of slavery is inhuman, why should mortal be a slave to another person because of material possessions? Its not right. Slavery was initially based on debt or the violation of a more or defeat in war. Slavery based on debt is the subject matter. The rich knew that if they accumulated everything the poor or peasants would be forced to get from them.They went into contracts with them and the contract entailed that if they didnt comprise at the designated time with interest, they would be forced to pay up their debt with labor which meant they would become slaves to them. This was called bonded service or indentured service. This was a common psychology the rich use to oppress the poor and this continued from one generation to the next. In some circumstances if the father and the mother cannot pay up even after death, the child (ren) take the debt and work for the rich person till the ebt is paid. This occurred in the United States of America until Slavery was based on color. In some areas in Ghana when debt was not paid in time, the rich person will collect the girl child of that family and she becomes his own until he is satisfied with her probably when she is in her fifties. No thing was done about this, girls suffered because of private wealth. People utilize it to their advantage and people suffered. This form of slavery continued in Ghana until a militant president broke the bond or contract.Now those girls who were taken from their house at an early age live in shame, they walk nude on the streets of Ghana because they have been stripped of their purity at an early age. Stratification of a society is the after effect of private wealth. Stratification of societies has evolved through the ages from slavery to set to estate and to class form which is the modern day form of stratification. Slavery as a type of stratification system is what I have previously explained. The next stratification system is the caste system.The Indian caste system is a typical example of the penetrating effect of stratification. The system is ascribed meaning one cannot choose his or her class because it is given to you and it is based on religious reasons. It is a rigid sys tem and its characteristics or features entail endogamy, its practically a taboo to marry outside your caste. The Brahmans being the apex of the society are the only ones that can teach other Brahman children. It doesnt matter if you have a good pedagogy standing, your ideas or teachings are regarded as useless.Functionalist sociologists, Kingsley Davis and Wilbert Moore suggested that society must offer rewards to ensure that important social positions are filled by the most competent people (Rowell). This doesnt look like what the functionalist theorist said about being rewarded because of your ability. The Brahmans are the richest in the society, they do no work and they get all the privileges the society has to offer. The other castes present in the system are the Kshatriya (warriors), Vaishay (merchants), Shudra (laborers/farmers), and Dalit (untouchables).This system is so rigid and it is almost impossible to turn ones caste. Another caste system which existed in South Afric a because of colonialism was the Apartheid caste system. We should note that colonialism was a form of amassing wealth. In this baptismal font a country is taking the wealth of another nation to add to its own wealth and they never stop accumulating wealth. It is a macro-view of man and greed when looked at properly. When I talk of macro-view I mean when a developed or civilized country oppress the underdeveloped or uncivilized people and use their scarce resources to make them wallow in poverty.At that time in South Africa, the nation was divided in four, white, colored, black and Bantu. Privileges were giving according to caste level. The people at the bottom of the caste suffered because they received less. So we now see that the problem of private wealth is an issue even amongst countries. The estate system which is another form of stratification was evident in the middle ages. In this period the political system was feudalism. there were three classes in this system namely, c lergy, nobles and the commoners.The clergy and the nobles are about 1% of the societys population and the remaining 99% belonged to the commoners which most of them were dirt poor or peasants. This system existed because the nobles possess vast amount of land and because of that they practiced feudalism which is a system of government by land ownership. This land ownership is still a form of private wealth because the nobles own the land which is the means of production and the peasants work their heads off to survive. Slavery, caste, and estate system were all means of stratification in the old era.The people were controlled by the divine rights which meant that the people were subjected to the nobles or kings because it was an authority from God to obey them and anyone that questions that authority would be put to death. The modern era of stratification has changed because people are now enlightened but how enlightened are they? The effects of private wealth cannot be left behind because as I said before, human greed is inevitable. The modern era of stratification is an uncivil class or social class which is divided in three, upper class, middle class and the lower class.It is called the open class because it is flexible and it is achieved not ascribed, now that is ideal but not real because the elites in the society want to maintain that form of stratification they create institutions that help maintain that private wealth because even in the grave they still want to dominate. Yes it is undeniable that you should be rewarded for ones hard work, which is where private wealth becomes positive in a society. That chance of working and being rewarded is limited to a few in the society and that few are cognise as the elites of the society.They pass this chance from one generation to the next in other to ensure that the system or order is not disrupted. They maintain this stratification by controlling ideas, information and use of force. All this is possible by the introduction of institutions such as, legal, educational, police and military institutions. They control the ideas through the educational system, they tell what children should believe and not question it. They also make it possible that only the rich can attend schools because if one is not literate, the chances of the person rising to a higher status in the society would be limited.The elites control the price of educational institutions in the society allowing only a limited amount of children to gain access and as the world is, the children that are given this privilege are the children of the elites. When education fails to impact what they desire, they move on to using the legal institutions. As we all know not everyone has the money to acquire a lawyer in a court case and that is why a public defendant is setup. The elites own the legal institutions especially the public ones and the moment a lower class citizen comes with a court case, he or she knows that the case has already being won by the rich or elite.They fill up these institutions with their own kind and in the course of that they protected from the law. The law was not implemented to create order in a society, thats what we all think but the real issue is that the law was placed to suppress the poor. Legal institutions are placed to confirm the rich and their actions so that no one can question it. When the rich realize that a poor individual is about to gain access to private wealth, false evidence is planted to strip the poor of their right to the private wealth. Is that just? I doubt.The police institution was created by the elites to protect what they have and their lives from the poor. by and large in nations it is noticed that the elites move around with convoys while the poor have no protection because they have naught to lose. The police are also there to ensure that the poor doesnt revolt on the inequality or stratification order. The moment the police isnt effective enough they call in the military institutions. They mostly do this in measure of riot and strike. In these cases they use force to maintain the stratification of the society.We see that the educational institution is used to control ideas and information while the legal institution is used to influence the behavior of the lower class and the military and the police institution is used to employ force on the people when they cannot influence or change their reasoning. In Karl Marxs book, the communist manifesto, he suggests that the society is stratified according to those who won the means of production (bourgeoisie) and the laborers (proletariats). The bourgeois give the proletariats false consciousness and tapdance them with these.He suggests that when the proletariats develop class conscious, there would be an overthrown, but it will happen violently (karl Marx). A violent revolution would take place and the society would go form capitalist economy to socialism and and then commun ism. This communism entails a classless society but is achieving a classless society possible? When the former Soviet Union practiced communism it was ruthless and harsh. They misunderstood the true ideology of communism. They used violent means to achieve it and in the process tried to have supreme power. The people of the Former Soviet Union had to give to the state a large amount of their products.During the communist the early communist period over 20 million people were killed whether by hunger or in war. There was no freedom of speech people who revolted against it were killed immediately by a political police that was set up. The regulations were imposed by deporting people to Siberia, shooting them or provoking starvation to death. The scrimping failed because creativity was not enhanced. In a society, no individual will be willing to bring new ideas if they are not going to be rewarded for it. The government dictated what kind of products to produce and it was monotonous. Trade of goods became limited even the goods they had, countries were no longer interested in them because they had nothing new to offer. A classless society could not be achieved in the Former Soviet Union because the government which was 0. 5% of the society ruled and had ultimate power and the moment someone can influence your behavior without objections from the individual, it is said to be superiority and inequality comes to play. Communism led to revolutionary acts which caused a split up of victims especially in areas such as western Germany, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia in 1953, USSR in 1962, and Poland in 1956 and 1970.Resources were wasted since the government was in charge. This happened in poorly developed countries owned by the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union used up their resources to build strong armies to be able to compete with nations such as the USA. Communism would have survived but because people have greed for power, a dictatorship rule would be developed and all d ictators hate competition and revolt. Massive killings would erupt because of jeopardy from the dictators side. Another problem with communism is the income. Like in China the income was very poor.Peasants in china received $71 and 32 cents annually and the average workers and workers in state industries earned $459 yearly. Productivity reduced drastically because some accelerators for adequate production were unavailable to the people, which included fertilizers, machineries, basic farm tools, protective equipment etc. Management activities were very poor because the amount of people haveling it was very little and division of labor was not encouraged. They also suffered from inflation insisting because prices of goods rose due to expenses made on the production of the goods (Prybyla).Capitalism is what most countries practice and yes it has helped their economic standards when USA is used to compare but we should not provide that this same capitalism is what is causing the e ffects of the private wealth such as social class which is a type of stratification. People use capitalism to exploit others since they dictate the wages of the workers. They ensure that the wages of their workers are very low so that the profit can be very large. They enjoy but the workers suffer immensely because they cant take care of their family and this is the reason nations are stratified. All past efforts towards a free market economy, world trade, globalization, industrialization, the inquisition of high living standards, unlimited economic growth and every other form of capitalist endeavor have benefited only a small minority the big players (Kumar). He explains that capitalism is has proved to be a detriment to the society by benefitting only the rich and we should note that capitalism doesnt extend the economy of the nation rather the wealth of the capitalist in the society who are the elites.If capitalism increases the wealth of the society then why almost 70% of the society suffering from poverty, starvation are etc.? capitalism is incapable of solving the problems of humanity, but in fact hunger, pollution, the breakdown of social fabric, human sorrowfulness and many other problems are caused by capitalism (Kumar). As I have mentioned before, it is only ideal for capitalist to think they are improving the economy but the real thing is that people are exploited for their labor just as Karl Marx indicated. Now that I have established the fact that capitalism and communism cannot solve the problems of inequality in the society, it is time to establish my own solution.I believe that the two can work hand in hand and success can be achieved out of to some extent. Of cause nothing comes with a disadvantage but if it can solve 80% of the problem then I think it is a wonderful solution. A hybrid of communism and capitalism would be utmost importance. A communist government and a capitalist economy is the hybrid I am talking about. This hybrid actual ly means a form of communal living. No one is superior to the other but that doesnt mean one cannot have more money than the other if he works for it.Communal living entails that everyone is entitled to the scarce resources in the land and the government has a say in the business of the citizens. A breakdown of the services and the wages are given to the government and the conglomeration money gotten from the business is calculated and estimated if the salary of the workers is not fair enough then the person doesnt get the contract to execute the business. An agreed of the percent of the total investment or profit is dedicated to the payment of the workers. By that everyone is comfortable and living well and the poverty issue and starvation is reduced.If the opportunity is used to exploit the labor of the people then the privilege is taken from one and given from one and this is where reward is functional. This hybrid brings good reforms such as free education (primary and secondar y level) to enable one to have a little experience to support ones self, subsidized health care, availability of employment for the masses and social amenities made available. All business activities executed in the nation is open to the government and they pay taxes according to what they earn since they are using the resources of the nation.The tax is used to build the society by contributing to education, health care, social amenities, and protection (police and military services). The agricultural sector is supported by the government by subsidizing salute of machineries and educating people in the agriculture to enable quality and quantifiable products. With this the issue of starvation is reduced. A good example of this idea is the Chinese political and economic system. The communist party realized that communism wasnt working so they sent the people out to make money.China had a drastic change in economy and it happened in a short time. They experienced double digit GDP grow th from 2003 to 2007 hitting a high of 13%. In 2008, the government launched a $586 billion stimulus plan and they lifted millions out of poverty. China was established as the worlds second largest economic power (Rizzi). Once the problems associated with private wealth have been dissolved, the only problem left to worry about is mans greed. Man in recent times has learned to control his greed and the only reason it was a major reason was because the law authorized it indirectly.Works CitedKarl Marx, Frederick Engels. The Communist Manifesto, in The Two Narratives of semipolitical Economy. Hoboken, NJ, USA John Wiley & Sons Inc., 2010. Kumar, Satish. Critique of Capitalism. November/December 2005. . Oracle Education Foundation. Oracle Think Quest. 2008. Communism- The Failure of an Utopian System. . Prybyla, Jan S. Economic Problems of Communism A Case reckon of China. Asian Survey, Vol. 22, No. 12 (1982, Dec) 1206-1237. Rizzi, Warren. Chinas Economy Dances Between Communism and C apitalism. 23 April 2012. 28 April 2012 http//www.policymic.com/articles/7356/china-s-economy-dances-between-communism-and-capitalism/headline_story. Rousseau, Jean Jacque. Discourse on the originn of inequality . Holland Marc Michael REy, 1755. Rowell, Katherine R. Essentials of Sociology, A Down-to-Earth Approach. capital of Massachusetts Pearson Education Inc., 2006. Smith, Adam. An inquiry into the nature and causes of the wealth of a nations. Pennsylvania Penn State Electronic Classic Series Publication, 1776.

Jones: Accounts Receivable Essay

QUESTION 2 Jones Electrical, though having more rapid growth and expected to increase in future would want more than 250,000 to acquire his needs. First of all he has to repay his ex partner after buying him out. Jones bought Dave Verdent, his former business partner out for $250,000. 00. His repayment plan was a $2000.00 per month with 8% interest per annum. The interest rate he is paying is relatively high and this means it will take Jones over ten eld to repay this loan with an interest payment in excess of $200,000.00 in interest only. From the financial information provided in the Balance Sheet of Jones Electrical distribution it shows that there was an increase in accounts receivables, inventory, property and equipment. This increase would permit an increase also in liabilities and equity to be able to finance the assets.On the new(prenominal) hand, the balance sheet also shows in increase in accounts payable, business organisation of credit payable and accrued expenses. The above increases would therefore warrant financial help from the Bank for the expansion of the business. With the loan, Jones will be allowed more flexibility in the operations of the business. He will then be able to increase his assets in the form of inventory and capital, which in plow will result in his business being in a better position to finance its operations. In addition, Jones Electrical will be able to benefit from the trade discounts which are offered by his suppliers because this arrangement would allow him to pay his creditors. They need the loan to help the alliance manage and expand its operations and pay off his debts.QUESTION 3 With respect to the early payment discount of only 2%, it is advisable that the Company, slide by to credit its supplies and make alternative arrangements with respect of repayment to its suppliers. The party needs cash and the discount of the 2% does not put the company in a better financial position. It is always important to inje ct equity so that your company will be able to increase its assets, which will eventually deuce-ace to an increase in sales and revenue. Another issue is that with respect to the proposed growth of the company, Jones had predicted presageing in sales to increase signifi rattly therefore the urgent need for a very large cash flow into the company would help significantly.In 2006 Metropolitan Branch Bank issued a loan of $250,000 to Jones in score to finance its growth in sales. Heavy credit dependency on suppliers will continue to draw request for larger loans and Jones must keep its line of credit at a lower rate to increase cash flows. The risk in issuing a $350,000 loan with a company of Jones sizing could be decreased in hope of creating a long term relationship. Also, the company has also lowered the Cash Conversion Cycle from 100.12 days (during 2005) to 95.01 days (during 2006). In 2005, days payable outstanding was around ten days and fell under the discount agreement with suppliers. In 2006, the number of days it was victorious Jones to repay its suppliers had increased to 24. The nominal cost lost in forgoing the discount was 37.2% of cost of goods sold, or $67,600.QUESTION 4 The line of credit can be lowered also by using a home equity loan in which Mr. Jones home is put up for collateral if he fails to make the payments. The line of credit you receive would be the net worth of your house minus the mortgage amount left on your home, which would be, $199,000 less $117,000 big you a total of $82,000. When acquiring about a $350,000 loan being able to reduce that price by$82,000 is quite significant. After accepting a large loan of $350,000, the president of Jones Electrical Distribution, is going to have to make cut backs and changes in everyday life Jones Electrical forecasts predicted that its sales would increase with thriving prospects and at the same time the company was in dire need of a significant cash inflow.It is however advisable that Jones Electrical accepts the offer do by Southern Bank and Trust despite the specific restrictions that would be placed on the Company. This offer would provide for long term financing of the company and as a result the limitations with respect to borrowing would eventually be removed, thus enabling the Company to utilize the credit line specifically if it foresees forecast would be favourable. With the increase in bank borrowing, this can contribute to a number of aspects. One main aspect is the increase in sales, which in turn will result in increase revenue. Increase in bank borrowing can result in a decrease in cash flow and this will help them repay the loan. Another area of concern for us is your collections policy. We feel that if you enforced a more strict collections policy that it would ameliorate other areas of your finances. By the looks of it, it appears that the lack of enforcement has deducted your available cash which has forced an inhibition of payment during the discount period on your credit line.

Concealment in the Twelfth Night

British Literature Concealment in Twelfth iniquity Through erupt Twelfth Night, screen door influences each characters life because its essential to portray how falsehood can be amusing or agonizing before they can disc all over their identity in life. Therefore, the concept of concealment non exclusively affects the characters mistaken identities and abilities to express uncoiled enjoy, exclusively it gives the bill comedic and entertaining qualities.Further more than, concealment portrayed throughout this story makes each character develop an identity with either showing cleverness or madness, spell it excessively makes each character realize the principles towards obtaining love and truth. For instance, Violas disguise as Cesario and Festes costume as Sir Topas shows that they are both clever and amusing which causes characters to experience conjuring and confusion until their identities are revealed.With this in mind, concealment not only deludes characters from realit y, but it exposes the abundance of true love among Viola, Orsino, Olivia, Sebastian, Maria and Sir Toby, which leads to three marriages within the story. Nevertheless, concealment causes the mountain to experience deceptions and illusions, but also provides humor concerning the morality of human behavior. Moreover, the first example of concealment during the Twelfth Night is Violas disguise as Cesario.Violas concealment is central to the plot because it is clearly evident that the fluctuation in attitude to the dual reference and the situations and tribulations imposed upon the character Viola/Cesario, ends up creating a rectify understanding of both sexes and thus, allows Viola to have a better understanding of Orsino. For instance, at the end of the story when Orsino finally realizes who Cesario is, he professes his love to Viola by saying When that is known, and golden time convents, A solemn combination shall be made Of our dear souls.Meantime, sweet sister, We will not part from hence. Cesario, come- For so you shall be, while you are a man But when in other habits you are seen, Orsinos mistress and his fancys queen (5. 1. 352-358). Consequently, Viola learns that in the office of Cesario, she had to be quick on her feet and defend the probing questions and statements as to her love and others love for her. Also, she acquired the skill to bide her time, until the time was right, in case she reveal her true self or intentions.The disguise also prevents Viola from expressing her love for Orsino, it contributes to the dramatic ironies by causing complications of mistaken identity. Moreover, Viola cannot show her love for Orsino, the only mien she can express them is in her soliloquies to the reader, this contributes to the dramatic ironies. For example, when Viola conveys to Orsino what Olivia told her concerning love by saying A blank, my lord. She never told her love, But let concealment, like a sucking louse i the bud, Feed on her damask cheek. She pined in melodic theme, And with a green and yellow melancholyShe sat like patience on a monument, Smiling at grief. Was not this love indeed? We men may say more, swear more, but indeed Our shows are more than will, for still we prove Much in our vows, but little in our love (2. 4. 108-115). There are many examples of concealment concerning Viola alone, which enables her to work for Orsino as a messenger it causes Olivia to fall in love with her and it causes both of them to disguise their feelings from each other until Orsino becomes aware that Cesario is Viola. Concealment also causes mistaken identity.For example, Sir Andrew goes looking for Cesario, strikes him, finds out later it is, Sebastian. Sebastian hits him in return, but sevenfold, and Sebastian having been in Illyria only a few days is proposed to by a beautiful lady and is hit by a man he had never seen before, Why, at that places for thee, and there, and there Are all the people mad? (4. 1. 16-17). This is a funny series of events started by the disguise of one single woman. It is evident therefore, that the disguises of Viola / Cesario as an example are very important and central to the plot.Also, it portrays how some characters are deceived to the highest degree their true nature. An example of this is when Orsino sees himself becoming Olivias sweet perfections, fulfilling her sexual desire, thought and feeling. He naively believes that he is in love with Olivia when he has never really spoken with her. Another example is Olivia adopting the pretence of mourning and the puritanical Malvolio is tricked into the role of Olivias suitor and becomes a smiling courtier. As a result, oncealment contributes to most of the comedy because there is the occasion when Feste dresses up as Sir Topas and Sir Toby brings the joke to an end out of self interest than any concern for Malvolio.Feste uses a black parsons gown, which is, ironically, the color normally associated with Malvolio, who in contrast i s dressed in bright colors. This reversal provides a visible symbol of just how thoroughly his pride has been humiliated. Feste says, There is no darkness but ignorance and Malvolios ignorance has been ruthlessly exposed, although he was ignorant to think that Olivia loved him in the first place (4. . 33). It is the verbal and character comedy of Sir Topas, showing how humor comes from the rapid switching of roles and, if rather uneasily, from the deception of Malvolio. There are also more subtle examples of concealment in the Twelfth Night, the nature of characters as well as their identities are disguised. In the letter to Malvolio, Sir Toby Belch disguises his real motives laughingstock his show of friendship for Sir Andrew. Illyria could also be a disguised England, not many people had traveled in Shakespeares day and so perhaps he made up Illyria to be a fantasy England.This place could be where all stereotypes of English people get up to a variety of things, creating old(pre nominal) stereotypes in a slightly different setting. Perhaps also, Shakespeare wishes to show his audience how ready humans are to disguise themselves Orsino and Olivia are both disguising their feelings, Malvolios vanity and illusions about himself and his mistress help in his humiliation. The irony is that Orsino and Olivia are led to face reality by the characters Viola and Sebastian, who are at the center of the confusion over identity.Disguised characters were a stock convention of comedy, but Shakespeare uses the device to give it wider significance. The play makes us consider what our beliefs are about ourselves and others based upon. Therefore, in conclusion, it can be seen how very important and significant the theme of concealment is. Many forms of concealment featured in the play portray howemotions and intentions are disguised behind an outside appearance, pretence or an attitude in which the characters possess within each situation.Concealment connects the story, the characters and the different scenes in the play. However, if there wasnt concealment in the Twelfth Night, there wouldnt be any humor reflecting the conflicts or problems, which influences the characters lives with understanding the truth about love and what causes illusion/deception.Bibliography Shakespeare, William. Twelfth Night. The Longman Anthology of British Literature. Ed. David Damrosch et al. 4th ed. New York Longman, 2009. Vol. 1B. pp. 1217-1272.

Ophelia Character Sketch

Hamlet is a very complex play establish upon the relationships within the w each(prenominal)s of Listener Castle in Denmark. Hamlet is the main character and the focus point in only the emotions and feelings in the play. Gertrude (Hamlets mother), and Claudia (Hamlets uncle and his mothers saucy husband and the new king of Denmark) all of these characters play major roles in the play.Aphelia is eruptside the family connections of these three characters barely she still impacts the play with her bubble personality that she is force to do by her return and the manipulations and mistreatment of others. Hamlet has the first reason to be hurt by Aphelia because she follows her fathers orders regarding Hamlet and his true intentions for their love. Polonium tells Aphelia that Hamlet will not do anything but be pimp with the girls since he is supposed to have an arranged marriage. After telling Aphelia this, Polonium and Claudia try to have Aphelia become bait to find out why Hamlet u s acting crazy.Hamlet begins with his overwhelming sarcasm toward Aphelia, l humbly thank you, well, well, well, he says to her regarding her initial pleasantries (3. 1. 91). Before this scene, he has heard the force and Polonium establishing a plan to deduce his unusual and grief-stricken behavior. Hamlet is well aware that this plan merely uses Aphelia as a tool, and as such, she does / piton 2 not have much option of refusing without angering not only her father but the conniving King Claudia as well.Hamlet constantly refuses that he cared for her. He tells her and all of his uninvited listeners, No, not l, I never gave you aught (Ham. 1. 94-95). Hamlet has a right to direct his anger to Aphelia because it was her that repelled against him. Her father forced her, and if she did try to disobey her father she could be disowned. Furthermore, Aphelia cannot know that Hamlets attitude toward her reflects his disillusionment in his mother. Hamlets inconstancy can only mean deceitfulne ss or madness.Hamlet puts Aphelia in a trap that has been move by him in order for his revenge to continue, in part Aphelia love and idealize her lover, and her shock is genuine when Hamlet demands get thee to a nunnery (linemen). Hamlet says this to repoint that Aphelia can be easily controlled by others and not only throwing herself at Hamlet but also letting her father control Aphelia. Hamlet calls her a prostitute that can be easily be misled away by others intentions.The melancholy, grief, and madness that Hamlet suffers from may well eve been the propelling force for all of his unfortunate action towards Aphelia in Shakespearean play. It is worth allowing that the first of the two are real his melancholy and grief are not the same as Aphelions. Aphelia is the more tragic of the two because her madness is not feigned. Furthermore, it is caused by the very love of her aliveness is even more disastrous for her poor young life and possibly pregnancy. They are each malcontents w ith no real happiness made available to them given their unfortunate circumstances.

My Favorite Entrepreneur Essay

My favorite entrepreneur Ms. Oprah Winfrey Oprah Winfrey was born into poverty by a teenage single mother in 1954 in Kosciusko, Mississippi. For the earliest years of her life she was raised by her maternal grandmother, and under her kind-hearted discipline was taught to read by the age of two and speak exceptionally by the age of three. When Winfrey was six years old, she was direct to live with her mother in Wisconsin. She was submerged into inner-city Milwaukee, and faced the hardships of growing up in the urban ghetto.Her mother had umpteen problems of her own and was so consumed by them that she was unable to give attention to her daughter. This had many adverse consequences, and left Winfrey vulnerable to multiple counts of sexual abuse at an primaeval age, including by her mothers boyfriend, a teenage cousin, and a family friend. She in handle manner became pregnant at the age of 14, but her son died at infancy. As she got older, she struggled with racism and was discrim inated against by her peers because of her economic status.The neglect and problems she encountered led Winfrey to develop an aggressive attitude, and eventually her mother could no longer deal with Winfreys delinquency and so she sent her to live with her father in Nashville, Tennessee. With his strict disciplinary mechanisms and value for education, Winfreys father helped her turn her life around. She became an honor student and at the age of 17 began her broadcasting career on the radio station WVOL. She earned a scholarship to Tennessee State University and studied drama and speech. At the age of 19 she set down an anchor position for WTVF-TV, Nashvilles CBS affiliate.Here she was the first African-American and the youngest person to ever be an anchor on the network. Not too new-fangled afterwards in 1976 she moved to Boston to take on a position as co-anchor for WJZ-TV evening news. However, it was hard for her to contain her emotions on many of her stories, and her accessor y to the subject matter made her a poor fit for the position. She was fired for these reasons. Nevertheless, a manager at the network saw her ability to connect close with the subjects and her excellent communication skills and found a position more suited towards her as a co-host on blab examine People Are Talking.The shows ratings soared, and Winfreys success attracted attention in the Midwest where she was offered a position as anchor on AM Chicago. It almost instantly became the 1 local confabulation show and within a year was renamed the Oprah Winfrey Show. The show was soon picked up in 120 cities and became the nations top talk show. However, Winfrey did not like the idea of working for someone else, and in 1986 she founded Harpo, Inc. and took on the Oprah Winfrey Show by 1988 in her own studio in Chicago.The third charr in history to own and produce her own show, as well as the first African-American to own her own entertainment production company, Winfrey was capitaliz ing success. The earlier years of the program was classified as a tabloid talk show, however as years went on Winfrey adopted broader topics such as disease, spirituality, burden abuse, geopolitics, domestic topics, celebrity interviews, and philanthropy. She herself has become one of our worlds most noted philanthropists and also hosts televised giveaways.In addition to her talk show, Winfrey acted and voiced-over in different movies and TV shows, as well as ones she produced herself like The Women of Brewster Place and Brewster Place. Furthermore, Winfrey has co-authored five books and publishes O, The Oprah Magazine and O at Home, which was dubbed the most successful start-up ever in the industry by Fortune in 2002. She also created her website Oprah. com, one of the top womens lifestyles websites, as well as Oprahs Book Club, the largest book club in the world. Winfrey went on to co-found womens cable television network Oxygen.In January, 2011, Discovery Health Channel was cha nged into a new channel called OWN Oprah Winfrey Network. Winfrey, for many years now, has been viewed as the most powerful cleaning lady in the entertainment industry, and even beyond the entertainment industry. The Wall Street Journal coined the term Oprahfication meaning therapy through humans confession, and there have been numerous incidents of the Oprah effect where her public opinions influence consumer choices. She has been invited onto the corporate boards of AT&T, Ralph Lauren, and Intel, all of which she turned down.Winfrey holds a fairly private individualized and business life, as all her employees are sworn to keep things private for the remaining of their lives, and she holds full control in all her distribution deals with ABC, Oxygen Network, and Hearst Magazines. She also holds 90% of Harpos stock. By the age of 41, Winfrey had a net worth of $340 one million million million and replaced Bill Cosby as the however African American on the Forbes 400. She has re mained the only African American to rank among Americas 400 richest people nearly every year since 1995, and is the ichest African American of the 20th century. From 2004 to 2006 Winfrey was the worlds only black billionaire and the first black woman billionaire in world history. In 2010 she took on the title of the richest self-made woman in America. Her 2011 salary was $290 million and she had a set worth of $2. 7 billion. Throughout this all, Winfrey is lives her life by two principles live a great life for yourself and make a disparity in the world. These have been motivating factors for Winfrey too overcome the different struggles in her life and pull forward to a positive outcome.Her intellectual and emotional qualities surface the way for her to really connect with diverse people of difference stickergrounds, values, and experiences, and to open up all sorts of subject matter in a some-how comfortable pose although very public. Her public speaking and proficient communica tion abilities allowed her to emerge as such a strong candidate in the industry. Even with that, Winfrey is a woman of self-improvement and took improv classes at Chicagos own Second City to work on her presence and wit in high pressure situations like on talk shows and live television.But her success isnt all in her broadcasting or talk shows. In fact, Winfrey says her success began as a third grader when she turned her book report in early. She stands by the ideas to always go the extra mile, and that we are all entitled to success. Let excellence be your brand, Winfrey says at a 2012 speech to Spellman College graduates. Winfrey is a strong believer in doing the right thing, and she guarantees that doing right will only allow for right to come back to you and carry you on your way to success. Another point Winfrey strongly upholds is finding a way to serve.She says that she doesnt serve TV she serves the world through TV, and that is what to each one of us should do as we find o ur niches to use our success as a way to serve. Furthermore, Winfrey believes it is key to know who you are and to take charge of your life. make decisions for ones self and pursuing goals is absolutely critical if one wants to find success. Winfrey was able to use these ideals, lessons from her life, and her true passions and talents to go from rags to riches, to become the Queen of talk shows, and a historical success legend.

Tulips by Sylvia Plath

Tulips by Sylvia Plath Tulips, by Sylvia Plath seems to be a poetic expression of depression. The speaker who I assume is Plath is describing the psychological effects after a functional procedure,which I feel is the judgment of conviction when sadly Plath miscarried her bungle. The poem was written through her own view in a hospital room, where the reader is given an penetration to the inner thoughts of a woman who has gone through a terrible ordeal, and the objects around her which influence her psychicity. The poem follows Plaths admission into hospital and the heart-rendering account of her attempt to recover.There argon nine stanzas in the poem, each with five lines, in that respect is no evident rhyme pattern and there is little structure to the poem, although the lack of organization in each stanza seems to be a reflection of the confusion and the loss of control that Plath feels, the only structure sh bed between the stanzas is the abundance of punctuation, creating a s low round of drinks throughout the poem, although Plath uses alliteration to increase fluency in parts of the poem, plastic-pillowed, water went and light lies on snow-covered walls.Plaths tone is serene throughout the poem, however there is a sarcastic tone when she says The tulips are too excitable, it is winter here. The tone of the poem starts out as depressed and bleak then changes into to a greater extent dynamic and hopeful and the imagery more surreal the mouth of some great African cat. In the first two stanzas, Plath talks to the highest degree the situation and her surroundings, whereas the rest of the stanzas reveal her feelings.The most symbolic item in the poem is the tulips, their colour is the first contrast brought to light, they are red and they clash with the exsanguine room, they drink in her oxygen and fill the room with life, she describes how nice it had been before the tulips came in and robbed her peaceful isolation. Their redness reminded her of her wou nd and the tulips lightly breathing through their white swaddling reminds her of the baby she has lost. In the end the flowers win and begin to overtake the dull whiteness that Plath once found so peaceful. the walls, also, seem to be warming themselves. some other contrast to the red tulips is Plaths use of white as a symbol. The imagery described in the first two stanzas is all white, meaning the absence of colour, which is synecdochical for the lack of life. How white everything is, white walls, white lids, white caps, she is propped between the white pillow and the white sheet, white is clean and pure and the contrast between the white, stereotyped surroundings and the red of the tulips is too distracting.Plath uses colour imagery to manifest the themes of life, the red of the tulips is symbolic for life, the colour of blood, and tulips are associated with spring which is a contrast to the winter outside. It is universal to send flowers to a funeral or when some physical str ucture dies, they symbolise a tribute to the life of the one who has died, I didnt want flowers she did not want to be reminded that her baby would never lease a life for her to pay tribute to, the tulips were an intrusion on her grief and since they were given as a loving gesture, she looks at them in contempt. Nobody watched me before, now I am watched. Plath includes several references to water, my body is a pebble to them, they tend it as water tends to the pebbles it must run over. Water went. The way a river snags and eddies. The water is symbolic of the tears she has shed over her loss. The interactions between Plath and the nurses are portrayed as cold and impersonal, they do not regard her as an individual, her body is compared to a pebble, an inanimate object with no identity. There is no communication between the nurses and Plath, they simply deliver her medication they bring me numbness in their glittery needles, they bring me sleep, they come to relieve her pain.Sh e seems to relate most things back to her illness, using similes to compare her overnight case to a black pill box. They have swabbed me clear of my loving associations, this could be an indication of what depression does to a person, it robs them of joy In life that comes from loving associations. Even her own family are a evil reminder of what she has lost My husband and child smiling out of the family photo Their smilies catch onto my skin, little smiling hooks. although Plath has no desire for life it is her family and the tulips that are retentiveness her from letting go, retaining her from sinking.She wants to be free to just be, but the tulips remind her that she has people who love and need her Electroshock treatment, recovery from a suicide attempt and abortion were only a few of the times Sylvia Plath was hospitalised. Plath was diagnosed with a combination of severe depression, acute insomnia and bipolar disorder (Griffin) the time she spent in hospital and her mental illness are reflected in her poetry. Plaths description of the hospital setting may be a reflection of her own experiences when hospitalised, this would explain why she is so liberal from the medical staff.The entire point of the poem is simply how these flowers show her that she can never truly be free from her pain, There will always be something there to remind her of it, sadly we all know the outcome of Sylvia Plaths life and how sad it seems today that Sylvia Plath had to face her mental illness at a time when no one knew the truth about how to treat it. This poem reflects the same depth, grief and creativity that was expressed within the life of Sylvia Plath, and because of her beautiful mind we are left with the gifts she left behind, and Tulips is one of them.

Criticality and Creativity

Individuality is the state or quality of being an individual a person separate from other persons and possessing his or her own ask or goals. Individualism promote the exercise of ones goals and desires olibanum one values liberty and self reliance while opposing external interference upon ones own interests by society and institutions such as the Government. Liberty is the ability of individuals to have control over their own actions.John Stuart grind a philosopher, on his article Liberty under the chapter of Individuality as One of the element offbeat has made an imperative that that military man beings should be free to form whimsys, and to express their opinions without reserve. This is of beneficial consequences to the intellectual, and through that to the moralistic nature of man, unless this liberty is every c erstded, or asserted in spite of prohibition. He recognized the disagreement between liberty as the granting immunity to act and liberty as the absence of coe rcion.Individuals should be tending(p) the chances to cause up with opinions or ideas and be allowed to express them without been stopped. For example the Government should not refuse an individual to put into action their new ideas but should rather motivate them. It should not stop them because it thinks it can do better than them but should facilitate the idea by providing the necessities such as fund and freedom. Individuals can come up with opinions or ideas that may benefit them but at the same time impose a problem to others.The liberty of the individual moldiness be thus far limited he/she must not make himself a nuisance to other people. But if he refrains from molesting others in what concerns them, and merely acts harmonize to his own inclination and judgment in things which concern himself, the same reasons which show that opinion should be free, levy also that he should be allowed, without molestation, to carry his opinions into practice at his own cost.When individu als are given the freedom to come up with new ideas and exploit them, it encourages them to want to come up with better ideas, learn from their experiences thus promoting their creativity and developing criticality in them. The human faculties of perception, judgment, discriminative feeling, mental activity, and even moral preference, are exercised hardly in making a choice. He who does anything because it is the custom, makes no choice. He gains no practice either in discerning or in desiring what is best.The mental and moral, like the muscular powers, are improved only by being used. The faculties are called into no exercise by doing a thing merely because others do it, no more than by believing a thing only because others believe it. If the grounds of an opinion are not conclusive to the persons own reason, his reason cannot be strengthened, but is likely to be weakened, by him adopting it and if the inducements to an act are not affected by, or rights of others are not concer ned, it is so much make towards rendering his feelings and character inert and torpid, instead of active and energetic.This is because originality is a valuable element in human affairs. There is always need of persons not only to discover new truths, and point out when what were once truths are true no longer, but also to commence new practices, and set the example of more enlightened conduct, and better taste and sense in human life.

Oedipus complex and relationships in ‘Sons and Lovers’ Essay

David Herbert Lawrence was born in 1885 in Nottinghamshire, England where his father was a miner. His experience growing up in a coal-mining family provided much of the inspiration for Sons and Lovers. Lawrence had many affairs with wo manpower in his life, including a longstanding human relationship with Jessie domiciliate (on whom the character of Miriam is based), an engagement to Louie Burrows, and an razetual elopement to Germany with Frieda Weekley. Sons and Lovers was written in 1913, and contains many autobiographical details. His childhood coal-mining town of Eastwood was changed, with a sardonic twist, to Bestwood.Walter Morel was modeled on Lawrences hard-drinking, irresponsible collier father, Arthur. Lydia became Gertrude Morel, the intellectually stifled, unhappy breed who lives through her sons. The death of one of Lawrences elder brothers, Ernest, and Lydias grief and eventual obsession with Lawrence, await hardly changed in the novel. (Both Ernest and his ficti onal correspondent, William, were engaged to London stenographers). Filling out the cast of important characters was Jessie Chambers, a neighbor with whom Lawrence developed an intense friendship, and who would become Miriam Leiver in the novel.His render and family disapproved of their relationship, which always seemed on the brink of romance. Nevertheless, Chambers was Lawrences greatest literary supporter in his early years, and he frequently showed her drafts of what he was running(a) on, including Sons and Lovers (she disliked her depiction, and it led to the dissolution of their relationship). Lawrences future wife, Frieda von Richtofen Weekly, stir upially inspired the portrait of Clara Dawes, the older, sensual charr with whom capital of Minnesota has an affair.Considered Lawrences first masterpiece, most critics of the day praised Sons and Lovers for its authentic treatment of industrial life and versedity. thither is evidence that Lawrence was aware of Sigmund Freuds early theories on sexuality, and Sons and Lovers deeply explores and revises of one of Freuds major theories, the Oedipus complex. Still, the sustain received virtually criticism from those who felt the author had gone too far in his explanation of Pauls confused sexuality. Sons and Lovers was the first modern portrayal of a phenomenon that later, thanks to Freud, became easily perceptible as the Oedipus complex.Never was a son more tied to his mothers fare and full-of-the-moon of hatred for his father than Paul Morel, D. H. Lawrences young protagonist. Never, that is, except perhaps Lawrence himself. In his 1913 novel he came to grips with the discordant loves that haunted him all his lifefor his spectral childhood sweetheart, here called Miriam, and for his mother, whom he transformed into Mrs. Morel. It is, by Lawrences own account, a book aimed at depicting this womans grasp as her sons grow up she selects them as loversfirst the eldest, then the second. These sons are urg ed into life by their reciprocal love of their motherurged on and on.But when they come to manhood, they cant love, because their mother is the strongest forefinger in their lives. Of course, Mrs. Morel takes uncomplete of her two elder sons as a literal lover, but nonetheless her psychological snare is immense. She loathes Pauls Miriam from the start, understanding that the girls deep love of her son will oust her Shes not like an ordinary woman, who can leave me my share in him. She wants to absorb him. Meanwhile, Paul plays his part with equal fervor, incapable of committing himself in either direction Why did his mother sit at fundament and suffer?And why did he hate Miriam, and feel so cruel towards her, at the thought of his mother. If Miriam caused his mother suffering, then he hated herand he easily hated her. Soon thereafter he even confesses to his mother I really dont love her. I talk to her, but I want to come home to you. The result of all this is that Paul throw s Miriam over for a married suffragette, Clara Dawes, who fulfills the sexual component of his ascent to manhood but leaves him without a complete relationship to challenge his love for his mother.When Paul, physically aroused, finds no natural response in the girl who seems to love him-Miriam, he is confused, helpless, and becomes even cruel. Unable to swear himself, or even to accept as natural his longings he is unable to continue in the spiritual relationship with the girlbecause his mother alone already owns his soul. The relationship is ended, Pauls personality suffers a pleasing of tearing or splitting and in his next relationship Paul realizes at some unconscious level he must leave his soul somewhat free for his mother and introduce on a kind of detached physical level.Thus, in his relationship with Clara, it is the primarily bodily masculinity of Paul bonding with the primarily bodily femaleness. Obviously the danger is to oversimplify the Paul/Miriam and Paul/Clara re lationships. It is authorized that the contact with Clara puts Paul at least temporarily into richer contact with his own body, his phallic consciousness, as Lawrence would say, whereas in his sterile relationships with his mother and Miriam Paul has had to forego this fuller consciousness. Now he experiences what he believes is a kind of paradisiacal kind of love and fulfillment.In any case, all the relationships in Sons and Lovers seem to involve power struggles Mrs. Morel extracts power from her husband by turning from his sexual presence and then dominating, even emasculating her sons she controls Pauls devotion through the imposition of her values and aspirations and thus weights down their relationship. The balance of power in relationships seems to be an essential concern of D. h. Lawrence, since it is appears over and over again to be responsible for the death of love. Lawrences men and women will not be controlled, possessed or lost in another individuals reality.D. H. Law rences perpetual search for the archetypal human relationship affects all his fiction and particularly Sons and Lovers, his approach shot of age novel. It is here that his preoccupation with the love ethic and the profound split caused by the imbalance or power cast, of most relationships are so nakedly revealed. The incomplete and imperfect relationships of Sons and Lovers are among the most discussed and canvass in English Literature. Paul Morels imprisoning relationship with his mother cripples all his other relationships.

Armageddon: A Reaction Paper Essay

In the pictorial matter Armageddon, who ar the nuisance iodines? They atomic number 18 thousands of rocks led by an angular the size of Texas that threatens to extinguish life on solid ground? And who argon the mature ones? They are a motley makeshift group of old- tireers who will risk their lives in a daring rocket journey to save the world. A few NASA astronauts and one Russian cosmonaut are likewise thrown in to help steer the two shuttle spacecrafts. So these are the heroes of the movie. But, unless for rig owner and drilling expert Harry Stamper (played excellently by Bruce Willis), the oil workers are moonlighting criminals. Mobsters as saviors? Is this any way to improve the moral fabric of our country? You would think that a movie about the extinction of life on Earth would be serious. Not so. The best description of Armageddon is an action- misfortune movie house sprinkled with comedy. Every effort is made to excite and entertain. No effort is made to educate or inform. scientific accuracy is tossed out the window. The laws of physics are continually violated in order to maximize the drama. What happened to the good old movie classics that tried to teach us somewhatthing about life? It is amazing that the asteroid is open long time in advance to s block warning signals consisting of deadly meteor showers.The first one strikes a space station orbiting the Earth. The craft is drilled with holes before exploding. The next attack is on New York City. It is pelted with abundant meteorites. The Chrysler Building is decapitated, while the City is decimated. Several days later, Shanghai falls victim. And near the end of the movie, genus Paris is destroyed by an asteroid fragment. This is one of the few places where a realistic image of an impact is portrayed. The magnification take a shits a cloud of dust that surges outward. Paris is totaled. Only a huge crater and the bottom halves of the flex de Triumph and other buildings are left. It i s curious how well directed that these strikes are Despite the unrealistic disposition of the movie, it is entertaining and unspoiled of action. The frame time is usually no longer than 3 seconds as one image after another ostentatiousnesses on the screen in an effort to maximize the tension. Such rapid-fire images also limit a viewers ability to notice the some(prenominal) scientific flaws. A sack out story between Grace Stamper, Harrys daughter played by Liv Tyler, and A. J. Frost, a young oil rig worker played by Ben Affleck, adds a romantic element to the movie. Of course, everyone knows that these space-age, dislocated out oil drillers will in the end save us from destruction.In the film, NASA officials meet to controvert proposals to avert the asteroid catastrophe. The suggestions are laughable overthrow it with lasers? Ameri stick outs start out clearly been watching too many Star Trek episodes. Attach sails to it? This is ludicrous. Whats going to provide the drag? Outer space is about empty. There is no wind out there except for the solar wind, which can only absorb dust and take upicles and certainly cannot change the direction of a heavy asteriod in a matter of days. Destroy it with nuclear weapons? As correctly stated in the movie, 150 nukes would hardly be sufficient. Although such bombs would produce 150 craters, the asteroid would remain intact. So what plan do they come up with? They propose to drill a hole about 800 feet deep, insert a hydrogen bomb, explode it and split the asteroid in two pieces that will fly past Earth on either side. If 150 nukes wont do the job, certainly one will not either, even if it is inserted in the asteroid.Can one hydrogen bomb create a crack that stretches across the state of Texas? When it comes to man versus Nature in solemn battles, can man always win? When a tornado touches down, can we stop it? When a tsunami or giant wave, speeds across the ocean, can we diminish it? When a volcano is about to erupt, can we extinguish its burning temper? When a hurricane heads towards a populated coastal region, can we divert it? When lightning strikes, can we reflect its flash? The answers to these questions are no. But we can take measures. In most instances, our only recourse is evacuation. In these battles of man versus Nature, Nature is supreme. Solar system scientists classify asteroids with letters such as S, C, M and E. The makers of Armageddon have discovered a truly remarkable object that will revolutionize planetary science. From a distance, it appears to be almost comet-like and engulfed in a blue-green cloud. While most asteroids have a topography not so different from the Moons, the Armageddon asteroid has a treacherous terrain of jagged knife-like rocks, steep crevices and pointed mountain peaks.Its surface is as intricate as a crystal chandelier. It is almost as though its stalagmites threaten to stab Earths heart. But, of course, in reality the danger to Earth is create d by the asteroids tremendous kinetic energy, which gets translated into heat, pressure and pounding power upon impact. The Armageddon asteroid is also the first to have a significant atm and rock storms. Yes, the efforts of our heroes are impeded when dozens of rocks start raining down upon them. Obviously, NASA should have equipped our heroes with leaf blade umbrellas. The air must contain oxygen to feed the sparks of fires that are blown by a sometimes howling wind. There must also be a fifth force that holds Stampers crew to the asteroids surface. It cant be gravity. The force of gravity on the Armageddon asteroid is about 20 times weaker than that on Earth. A 180-pound human would weigh only 9 pounds.Armageddon is an action-packed adventure in which National Aeronautics andSpace Administration (NASA) astronauts save the world from a huge asteroid or should we call a Global Killer that can kill even bacteria.It is entitled Armageddon which means the end of all things and it c ame from the bible. Its a nice movie but lots of arguments, quarrels, andtragic parts. I can study that Armageddon is interesting because it is somewhat think to Science which is my favorite subject. I dont understand some parts of it because they speak fast but Id still understand this movie on the way they move. All the scenes in Armageddon seemed real, the explosions, the satellites, the space shuttles travelling and the asteroids falling and crashing to the Earth, all I can presuppose is, amazing I salute all the makers of this movie because they have made Armageddon a realistic one. Armageddon is full package, romance, comedy and action combined into one. It is entertaining and full of action.When the parts of the asteroids are crashing all I can do is to scream. In summary, Armageddon is a wonderful movie but a tragic one.Armageddon is somewhat related to Chemistry. Asteroids are included to Astrochemistry. A giant, global-killing asteroid, like the one that killed off the dinosaurs 65million years ago is 18 days away from hitting the Earth. The oil drilling is somewhat related to Industrial Chemistry, that is showed on the first part of the movie. Nuclear bombs are related to Nuclear Chemistry. Bombs that are detonated in the drilled part of the huge asteroid that blew it into pieces. This movie told us some information about Chemistry.

Project planning and evaluation Essay

onward any unmatch fit is passing game to do something, there is nothing as sensible as designning. A devise as we know is something legal opinion close to and chalked out in advance before the real swear out takes channelize and is actu bothy a recipe for success. besides then, the word plan does not take in much of a definition. It has been used so much that it has become quite hackneyed. So, we all know what it concocts, save how many of us really resort to be after before we start a course of action.Im not referring to a mental picture that we chart out in our minds that is in virtuoso word, vague. I mean a real plan in black and white, that is, chuck down on a flake of paper. It is so great because once we write down something, it sportys up a lot of hazy argonas and opens aspects that we likely overlooked.As the saying goes, Trying to manage a imprint out without drift management is like stressful to play a football game without a game plan.In my M.A. des criptor with our professor, Dr. Cirineo, I re charm well-read so much about the signifi behindce of planning a hurl and of course, military rating with the attend to of my classmates who withstand exerted their efforts in reporting the assigned topics. I contrive excessively by means of my map when I check reported about the Economic Analysis and I have learned so much from this, too. These be my views as I have studied and listened to the reportsII. INPUT1. PLANNING, APPRAISAL AND DESIGN(reported by Ms. Jelly Rose S. Victor)The first phase of the Process of Project counseling Cycle taught me that planning should come with the end in sight. Good bear plans begins with unspoiled implementation, methodologies and best practices that be consistent,controlled and deliverables that meet expectations. If advanced cookery has been made, by the end of the confrontation, the implementation is defined, the activities surrounding the bear plan are established, the administ rative procedures are utilize and the regorge supervise and control biddinges are developed.In designing a find, I have learned that it should al looks be SMART (Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic and Time-bounded) so that it would become valid and easy to realize. Project appraisal is likewise an authorised part of this phase because through and through this, you result be able to ensure that the expectations you have of your police squad members match the expectations that each individual has for themselves. As part of this service, it is important to schedule regular reviews end-to-end the year to suit the needs of your team.Thus, we need to appreciate the benefits we passel gain from an efficacious appraisal process to monitor your teams performance much than withdraw up for the time invested. It will help increase the individual effectiveness of your team members. 2. excerpt, APPROVAL AND ACTIVATION(reported by Ms. Lorelyn A. Ignacio)In a attend plan, it is good to know and watch that not all of the suggestions made in the plan would be approved and utilized. We still have to decide fully on what part of the plan should be selected, what should not be selected, what to approve and what to disapprove before we activate or execute our project. Why? Because there are things that we have to lead, knowing that not all things are suitable to implement based on the different situations and puzzles that may arise.The second phase of the Project Management Cycle made me realize that the process strives to increase productivity of the team and grapheme of deliverable. It enables quality control by measuring performance and comparing the akin against what is planned.The simplest re-create and perhaps the most complicated in practice is the execution dress which involves the integration of all inputs identify in the planning and design stage to construct the actual end product. On thispart, the project private instructor should m onitor the work of the team members on a daily fanny.3. OPERATION, CONTROL AND HANDOVER(reported by Mrs. Marissa P. Agdong)This could be thought of as the perfecting phase, where analyzing the efficiency and quality of the project cycle from a strategic perspective allows for the optimization of the in operation(p) processes. This step-by-step process highlights each feasible step in the project management cycle. By appropriately incorporating each step of the model into the planning stage, managers can effectively forecast the deliverables and avoid losing mensurate through accurately assessing the margins that will be produced in a given strategic initiative.The control cycle is an important part of quality control, and it not only verifies the deli rattling of good quality but in addition identifies gaps and misadventures that need to be headed. Ultimately, it is a process that continuously evolves within the production process.In this phase, which is the third, Ive learne d cardinal important steps PLAN, DO, CHECK and ACT.4. EVALUATION AND REFINEMENT(reported by Ms. Bernarda T. Cudal)After listening to the reporter, I have realized that in the Process of Project Management Cycle, we should not set aside this very important stage valuation and Refinement. It is a major part of learning, and can provide a wealth of utilitarian information on the outcomes of a project or action, and the dynamics of those who undertook the work. Through the identification of the highlights and lowlights of the project, evaluation draws conclusions which can inform future decision making, and assist to define future projects and policies.Evaluation and Refinement are under taken for a number of reasons such as to ponder on how you are developing, to see whether you need to improve the personal manner things are being done, to be accountable to those who are funding the project, to review and ad hardly the methods and techniques used and how effective they are, to arr ange whether you have met your object lenss or not and to provide information for planning future projects. 5. PROJECT denomination DEFINING AND SPECIFYING THE PROJECT(reported by Ms. Riza T. De Guzman)As I am writing this reaction paper, I have thought of imagining the different products we have worldwide. Every product has a name, unique and advertised. Why? because owners of those products want to be identified, and recognized. Same with making our own project, it should be born with a need to be identified by several customers who will be willing to provide funds as their needs would be convenient in give-up the ghost.The key feature of this activity is to recognize that identifying candidate projects is something that an organization should do not just once a year but on a regular introduction. To define a project, we moldiness first identify the objectives, scope and sequence, and the resources of the project.The main train of specifying the project scope is to ensure a clear understanding of the business problem and the proposed solution. It is mustiness to give a clear understanding about the project and provide a direction. Its intention is to state what is going to be in the project and what is not going to be part of the project out of scope. It must clearly define a project saltation to minimize the expectation gap between the client and the team.6. SITUATIONAL depth psychology(reported by Ms. Diana T. Rabaca)Before we start implementing and kill our projects or before we build it somewhere, it is very important to analyze the present situation that isbeing encountered in a authoritative area. In this way, our project would become successful, just because it becomes an answer to the problems arose in a certain area. For example, there are so many stores that are selling food in that place, but no one sells drinks yet, and customers need it, then you are the one to serve itSituational Analysis is the first step in formulating a plan. It id entifies and prioritizes problem situations affecting the target population or specific segments of the population, providing possible solutions and actions needed to exonerate a problem. It seeks to answer several questions such as What is the problem? Why is there a problem? Who are alter by the problem? and What has been done to solve the problem?. The information needed to answer these questions are both quantitative and qualitative such as the outcomes, the resources, the services and the facilities, the acess and utilization of services and facilities and the surroundings of course.7. MARKET ANALYSIS(reported by Ms. Jeanaline A. Ajel)I have learned that the goal of Market Analysis is to determine the attr sprightlyness of a market, both now and in the future. It is part of the industry outline and this in turn of the global environmental analysis. Through this analysis, the opportunities, strengths, weaknesses and threats of a company can be identified.Market Segmentation is the basis for a differentiated market analysis. Differentiation is important because the saturation of consumption, which exists due to the increasing competition in offered products. Consumers ask for more than individual products and services and are better informed about the range of products than before. As a consequence, Market Segmentation is indispensable. To identify and classify the relevant market, a market classification or segmentation has to be done. 8. TECHNICAL ANALYSIS(reported by Mr. Leonardo Diez, Jr.)Our reporter in technical analysis had explained this report comprehensivelyby using different concrete examples based on real life story situations. Accordingly, Technical Analysis is a method of evaluating securities by analyzing statistics generated by market activity, such as foregone prices and volume. Technical analysts do not attempt to measure a securitys intrinsic value, but instead use charts and other tools to identify patterns that can suggest futur e activity. The reporter was fair abounding that he decided to discuss both the positive and the negative side of Technical Analysis.These are the strengths If the objective is to predict the future price, then it makes sense to focus on price movements. Price movements usually infix fundamental developments. By focusing on price action, technicians are automatically focusing on the future. These are the weaknesses Argument is the fact that technical analysis is open to interpretation. It is in the eye of the beholder. It is subjective and our personal biases can be reflected in the analysis. In conclusion, Technical Analysis in terms of security is somehow, debatable.9. ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS(reported by Mr. Danny Cruz)In project planning, it is important to identify the constraints that may affect the natural environment. We should always consider how our projects would affect other tribe, communities, and the environment like road construction, logging, and tree clearing and b uilding a hydroelectric dam. Remember that Environmental Analysis is often required by law, but the process is intended to be a very useful planning tool to help make good decisions and improve projects.So we should consider this not just because it is a must but because it is systematic, interdisciplinary, and develop practical alternatives to the proposed action. The reporter gave the pursual recommended practices Open project information to public scrutiny Involve all parties affected by the project and learn to communicate.10. OPERATIONAL ANALYSIS(reported by Ms. Racquel R. Santos)I have realized that operational analysis is an elegant method of assessing the financial performance of the business, determining whether the cost of production is compatible with performance numbers and strategic goals. It looks closely at financial and resource enthronements, and determines whether adjustments must be made so that the companys strategic goals may be met in an efficient, cost eff ective manner. Thorough operational analysis ought to address a a couple of(prenominal) principal questions in its effort to ascertain if operations are efficiently meeting strategic planning.The first key area to be considered is whether financial and resource investment is delivering planned output to the optimum consumer base. It can also determine if there is any existing need for additional investment and recommend areas where investment could be reallocated or streamlined. Thus, in occupying an Operational Analysis, we have to observe, interview, report and conclude so that a gap analysis can be conducted and adjustments may be made.11. ADMINISTRATIVE ANALYSIS(reported by Ms. Joe Ann C. Magno)Aside from understanding the significance of administrative analysis in project planning, I have also realized that there are differences between the word Administration and Management in its role to project planning and implementation. The difference between the two can be summarized under 2 categories Functions and Usage. On the basis of functions, Administration is a thinking function because it is a decision making function while Management is a doing function because it is an executing function.On the basis of usage, however, Administration is applicable to non business concerns such as club, schools, hospitals and the like, while Management is applicable to business concerns such as profit-making organizations. Administration represents owners of the enterprise who earn return on their capital invested & profits in the form of dividend. Management constitutes the employees of the organization who are paid lucre (in the form of salaries & wages).12. FINANCIAL ANALYSIS(reported by Mr. Joseph P. Mendoza)Is the project cost reasonable? Can it be done? How long will it take to design? How much will each one cost to make? How much will it cost to bring the product to market? These are the questions arise as I listened to the report on Financial Analysis. For investors, to engage in a new investment project, the project has to be financially viable. Invested capital must show the potential to generate an economic return to investors at to the lowest degree equal to that available from other similarly risky investments.For me, I agree with that because I think, no one would engage himself into business without money and interest involved in return. A number of reasons wherefore to conduct a financial analysis are first, it provides quality information for decision-making, it helps attract equity investments and securing funding from alter institutions and other monetary sources and lastly, it identifies reasons whether to proceed or not to proceed with the project.13. ECONOMIC ANALYSIS(reported by me Ms. Analyn M. Cruz) sidesplitter This is my report I am so glad that Dr. Cirineo gave me the opportunity to discuss this over the class for it became my preferred subject way back 2005 when I was a senior highschool. It gave me a room to reopen my notes and translate the lesson which my favorite teacher used to discuss in our class with excellence, clarity and comprehension. As we all know, economic science is the well-disposed science that analyzes the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services.The term economics comes from the Ancient Greek (oikonomia, management of a household, cheek) from (oikos, house) + (nomos, custom or law), hence rules of the house(hold) Economic Analysis is a process whereby the strengths and weaknesses of an providence are analyzed. Economic analysis is important in order to understand the exact condition of an economy. The purpose of the economic feasibility assessment is to determine the positive economic benefits to the organization that the proposed system will provide. straight off that we have temporal project plan to answer to What will be done?, Who will do it?, When will it be done? What are the demand resources? We still have to answer How much wil l it cost? and How will the resourcecapital be applied? Why? because Money is important in the enterprise world. Our projects live in this context. Enterprises have a lot of projects, and the cost is an important criteria.ACCORDING TO THE enchiridion ON ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF INVESTMENT OPERATIONS (WB, 1998) we have to consider the honoring What is the objective of the project? What will happen if it implemented, and what if it is not? Is the project the best alternative? Are there any dissociable components and how good are they separately? Who are the gainers and losers? Is the project financially sustainable? What are the fiscal and environmental impacts?Is the project worthwhile? What is the risk of the project not achieving its objectives? Economic analysis of sector investment programs should accommodate a clear rationale for the expenditure, motivated by a desire to correct market failure or alleviate poverty, otherwise public spending simply crowds out private supply, resu lting in few net benefits to the economy.I have ended my report by letting the whole class reflect on the EXCELLENT TIPS given by WARREN BUFFET, a business man. And it goes like this On Earning never depend on single income. Make investment to create a second source. On expense If you buy things you do not need, soon you will have to sell things you need. On Savings Do not save what is left after spending, but spend what is left after saving. On pickings Risk Never test the depth of river with both the feet. On Investment Do not put all your eggs in one basket. On Expectations Honesty is very expensive gift. Do not expect it from cheap people.14. SOCIAL ANALYSIS(reported by Ms. Sherilyn P. Navat)I have understood the report through the help of illustrations shown by the presentor. When we say social, it involves to public, the residential district or the society. Thus, in Social Analysis, we have to consider the social characteristics of an area, including its demographic structure , general quality of life, social services and social justice.The framework for Social Entry Points includes vanadium entry points such as Social Diversity and Gender, Institution, Rules and Behavior, Stakeholders, Participation and Social Risk. Five entry points, one result because team will have a clearmap of the socio-cultural barriers and bridges to project goals, a good sense of the institutional arrangements and resources they will need and a set of indicators which to measure their success in meeting the projects development objective. Through this, I have realized that BETTER entropy + BETTER ANALYSIS = BETTER PROJECT.15. POLITICAL ANALYSIS(reported by Mrs. Ma. Socorro L. Dayao)At first, there was a striking question mark and a lot of questions that came in my mind not knowing that there could also be a so called Political Analysis involved in Project Planning and Evaluation. But later on, after the report has been made, I have now realized that the Political Analysis, w hich is the last of all the analyses discussed, plays an important role in project planning, designing, implementing, monitoring and evaluation. Political Analysis is a one way to develop strategic approach to external players. It is a process of disaggregating the key players in a community or policy environment, identifying how they influence progress toward your goals, and developing strategies to interact with them to advance your goals.There are seven key elements involved in the political analysis framework the Actors, Motivations/Interests, Participation, Resources, Strategies, Tactics, Influence and Action Channel. Individuals who have the same interest or motivation might not necessarily be involved or active in a particular issue or project. In addition to their take aim of interest or motivation, each partys ability to participate will depend on their likelihood of success, visibility of the issue, costs of participating, and What opportunities they have to participate. The extent and nature of each actors participation will also depend on the resources that favor their objectives/interests. So, we must not be negatively too much affected by them. Lets take them as mixed blessings.16. PROJECT APPRAISAL AND PROJECT SELECTION(reported by Ms. Rodelyn G. Pidoc)Project Appraisal provides a comprehensive and systematic review of allaspects of the project. After the homework and design, it is being done for the development and successful completion of projects. To determine whether a project proposal is adopted or rejected, there should be appropriateness of project objectives, size, scope, implementation methods, modalities, time scale, and the project technical, financial, economic, institutional, environmental, social and distributional justification of the project.Thus, good appraisal systems should ensure that project application, appraisal and approval functions are separate, all the necessary information is gathered for appraisal, Race/tribal equ ality and other equality issues are given straight-laced consideration, those involved in appraisal have appropriate technical expertise and there are hard-nosed allowances for time involved. Appraisal is an important decision making tool. Need, targeting and objectives. Context and connections, Consultation, Option, Inputs, Value for money, Implementation, and Risk Uncertainty are the key issues discussed in appraising ones project.On the other hand, Project Selection is a process to assess each project idea and select the project with the highest priority. We do it when one has more ideas than the number of projects one can undertake and need to select the project that should be given priority. We do it because oftentimes, one will have a number of suggested projects but not enough resources, money or time to undertake all of the projects. So, if the organization in question has limited experience then it is recommended to centre on a small number of projects, ideally one proje ct at a time, until the people in the organization have developed the skills and experience. One should do the easy projects first and, only then, work towards the most knotty and rewarding projects. One should use the easy projects to help answer questions/solve issues for the more difficult projects.Also, one should use the best opportunities to learn. Involving the Project Manager in the Project Selection process will help build ownership in the project and support a successful project in the long run. All the project weft processes and methods emphasized and described along the presentation are absolutely essential for an efficient business planning. It is always best to have a good plan from the inception, with a list of criteria to be considered and goals to be achieved. This will guide one through the entire selection process, and will also ensure that one does makes the rightchoice. 17. PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION(reported by Mrs. Kathyrine A. Placido)This is a very awakening t opic for all of us. Yes, it is true, and I have realized that a project, no matter how nice it is planned, if it cannot be implemented, is nothing at all because the highlight of every project and main reason why we planned is this the implementation. Project Implementation is a process whereby project inputs are converted to project outputs. It may be looked at as putting into action the activities of the project or putting into practice what was proposed in the project document (i.e. transforming the project proposal into the actual project.). In simplest term, it is the so called Project Execution.Time taken to implement project activities is one measure of successfulness of supervision or monitoring of project implementation. executive program pays particular attention to time control measures, time scheduling and its supervision, time extension and postponement, damages for non-completion and disgrace or warranty period. Factors affecting project implementation are Poor s cheduling of projects leading to delays in implementation Misallocation of funds Delay and sometimes lack of counterpart funding Lack of accountability and transparence Bureaucracy in decision-making and Selfishness/ nepotism/ favoritism by some project managers.Thus, to better implement the project, a good project manager should have working knowledge in several fields, be able to understand general managerial problems, have active interest in training and developing subordinates, and be able to delegate some tasks to subordinates. He should know the project and understand its objectives as well as the systematic process for managing projects.18. PROJECT MONITORING AND MONITORING TOOLS(reported by Mr. Rodelio D. Pantaleon)This is an unforgettable report that we have listened to in our class with Dr. Cirineo. Why?, because the reporter used a motivational activity before proceeding to the discussion of his topic. He classified us into 5 groupsThe medicines, the nurses, the doctors, the patients, hospital and ambulance for the over-all. The rule of the game is that we have to rise and shout whenever we bring out him say our groups name. So along his story-telling, we did our part actively as he unbroken on mentioning our groups name.In that case, he was able to monitor the success of the plan and in the end, was able to recognize the excellent team As a reward, he gave a prize to the winners In the discussion process, the project management cycle was again presented the Plan, Do, Check and Act, together with the Triple Constraint which affects the quality of a product the Scope, the Time and the Cost. He presented a GANTT CHART as an example of a monitoring tool. Why do we monitor? Simply because we know that things dont always go tally to plan (no matter how much we prepare). We have to detect and react appropriately to deviations and changes to plans. At the execution stage when the actual tasks of the project are in progress, it is vital to monitor inform ation in order to defy track of what is being accomplished.The project manager can facilitate the project by communicating with team members and clients. Through hands-on monitoring, the team attraction can make sure that individual participants stay with the captain plan for the project and remain focused on predetermined goals. The project manager takes careful notes to follow all aspects of the project and address any problems that come up. Time management monitoring is executed by the project manager to make sure deadlines are being met as the project moves forward. Time sheets are used to monitor the time individual team members spend on tasks within the project. The team leader can identify and resolve any time management issues that arise. Projects can become disorganized and difficult to manage without some sort of monitoring and tracking of the progress.It is important to monitor the progress based on the goals for both timeliness and finished tasks. Budget and quality m onitoring are included. If you dont do it, you wont know if you have succeeded. Without a well thought out Monitoring and Evaluation Plan project managers will not be able to tell whether the project has achieved its objectives. This significantly undermines the value of the project. and, as perception becomes reality, a project that cannot clearly demonstrate success will always be in danger of being seen as a failure.19. COMPLETION AND ASSIMILATION(reported by Ms. Marilyn B. Britanico)This is the phase that requires the highest level of coordination. The purpose of project completion is to assess the project, ensure completion, and derive any lessons. Project completion should be anticipated and planned as early as possible in the project lifecycle even though it is often the last major process of a projects life. To avoid problems, project managers must plan for this stage of the integrated project cycle in a systematic way, with the goal of shine and efficient handover of autho rity, assimilation.III. INSIGHTSPlanning helps us to have a better idea about the course of action that we propose to take. Planning better defines the course of action that we propose to undertake. Planning gives a rough image of the time required for a project. Planning gives us a fairly good idea about the expenses involved in the project. Planning helps us to get prepared for emergencies that may arise during the course of the project. A well thought about plan gives us a clear idea about what is to be done every day, every week and every month. Planning helps avoid duplication of labor.If a plan is followed, everyone will have a clear idea about his or her role. IV. IMPLICATIONSWhatever be the plan, I want to stress the point that a plan should always be time bound. Plans should always be time bound and there we get the relation between time management and planning. In fact, planning is as fundamental to time management as organizing and prioritizing. We should have both short term plans as well as long term strategy plans.To ensure that the time schedule is being adhered to, the project activity time listing can be of great importance. At the same time we should also try to draft out contingency plans to deal with a crisis if it arises. As the project moves along, the plan should be flexible in the sense that it should incorporate any changes that might prove necessary once the project is put into action.View as multi-pages